The Christian Faith

The Christian FaithI recently received a copy of Michael Horton’s massive new systematic theology. It’s a big, heavy hardcover that weighs in at around 1050 pages. Several people have asked me if I would offer a review. I wish I could, but honestly, to review this book would be far beyond my capabilities. Not only would it take me weeks to read (though they would be profitable weeks, I’m sure) but I just do not have the theological background to offer anything more than the most cursory review. I’m aware of my limitations.

Having said that, I’ve looked through it enough to conclude that it seems likely to be the Presbyterian equivalent of Wayne Grudem’s Systematic Theology—the contemporary go-to for those seeking to learn about a particular point of doctrine coming from a defined point-of-view. It is laid out in a very attractive and useful way and in that way it removes some of the intimidation factor that comes through its topic and its bulk.

Horton’s book got me thinking. If I were to sit down to write this kind of a work, one that for many authors represents a magnum opus, how would I want to begin it? What words do you use to introduce a work of this magnitude and one that represents a lifetime’s study and thousands and thousands of hours of writing? I just had to know. So I went to my bookcase and pulled every systematic theology I could find. To satisfy my curiosity I turned to the first pages of each and wrote out the opening sentence. And here they are:

  • Prolegomena (lit: pro, “before,” and lego, “speak”) is the introduction to theology. (Systematic Theology by Norman Geisler)
  • In 1949, the English playwright and novelist Dorothy Sayers observed the common antipathy in her day toward doctrine: “‘Dull dogma,’ they call it.” (Michael Horton)
  • In this book I will introduce you to the discipline of systematic theology. (Salvation Belongs to the Lord by John Frame)
  • In every science there are two factors: facts and ideas; or, facts and the mind. (Systematic Theology by Charles Hodge)
  • Nearly all the wisdom we possess, that is to say, true and sound wisdom, consists of two parts: the knowledge of God and of ourselves. (The Institutes by John Calvin)
  • What is systematic theology? (Systematic Theology by Wayne Grudem)
  • One may rightly say Christian theology is study or organized treatment of the topic, God, from the standpoint of Christianity. (Systematic Theology by Robert Duncan Culver)
  • Works on dogmatic or systematic theology generally begin with the doctrine of God. (Systematic Theology by Louis Berkhof)
  • Humans are wondrous and complex beings. (Christian Theology by Millard Erickson)
  • Hundreds of the world’s space scientists are spending vast sums from their nations’ treasuries trying to make meaningful contact with imagined rational beings living in deep space. (A New Systematic Theology of the Christian Faith by Robert Reymond)

Looking at that list, I don’t think there are too many conclusion we can draw, are there? Except, perhaps, that Calvin gets the prize.

Comments (28)

1
Anonymous's picture

Wow Calvin definitely gets the prize. That’s brilliant writing. Sums up the theses of his work in one (interesting) sentence. No wonder his works have stuck around for a year or two.

2
Anonymous's picture

Not to be nit picky (okay, maybe a little), but Michael Horton is not Presbyterian and is writing from more of a Dutch Reformed/Lutheran point of view in regards to the use of the Law and his view on two-kingdom theology. I would point people to Robert Reymond’s New Systematic Theology of the Christian Faith or even Frame’s four-volumes on Theology of Lordship for a concise Presbyterian view.

Okay, enough of that, back to your regularly programmed comments :) Thanks for all you do, Tim!

P.S.- I tried to post the other day and could not get past the Capthca question ‘Do you like spam?’. I kept answering yes. How judgmental and narrow-minded of you to tell me that there is a wrong answer to that question! Spam and eggs are GREAT! /s

3
Anonymous's picture

I’d have to say Reymond’s opening sentence takes the cake … at least for this generation. It’s something that would capture the minds of Christians and non-Christians alike.

4
Anonymous's picture

Not a great start for Dr. Erickson there! Thankfully things get better from that point.

TGraham, I’ve never seen John Frame referred to as “concise” before, but maybe that’s just my perspective. :-)

(And thus I meet my monthly quota for stupid theologian jokes).

5
Anonymous's picture

Calvin writes miles above the rest. Systematic theology is severely lacking in today’s Christianity. Just look at the latest Pew poll that says half of American evangelicals don’t realize Protestants unquely teach salvation by faith alone.

I pray Horton’s ST will correct some of this, Presbyterian and more. I prefer Grudem’s but am anxious to see where Horton outdoes Grudem as Grudem is really weak in the gifts/miracles sections.

6
Anonymous's picture

TGraham: “Dutch Reformed?” What is your definition of Dutch Reformed? I tend to think of Kuyper, not Horton. I guess it depends on which end you’re coming from. I’ve always considered “Dutch” = to or similar to Neo-Calvinism. Guess this is why we need to be careful with labeling and such.

7
Anonymous's picture

I agree that both Calvin and Edwards set literary standards that are stratospheric. That a few simple words could be arranged in such a way as to take one’s breath away is astonishing! I truly envy Calvin’s ability to glorify God in this way!

But back to Calvin’s intro:

Nearly all the wisdom we possess, that is to say, true and sound wisdom, consists of two parts: the knowledge of God and of ourselves.”

What struck me instantly was his juxtaposition of two distinct and polar opposites. At one end, the true knowledge of God and His glory. At the other, a true knowledge of ourselves and our depravity. As we learn more about each pole, the distance between increases exponentially. Demonstrating our urgent need for His grace.

Soli Deo gloria!

Dan…

8
Anonymous's picture

Robert Reymond’s reference to the world’s space scientists in his opening sentence is interesting in light of the fact that he comes out strongly in favor of a young earth (p. 396). Is he slamming the world’s space scientists twice?

I’m interested to see what Michael Horton’s take on the age of the earth and biological evolution is in his new systematic theology, for which I have already received my shipment notification from Amazon.

Thank you for putting together an interesting list.

9
Anonymous's picture

I just got my copy today. I’ll wade in. I’m with Michael (post #5) on Grudem, and on Grudem’s weaknesses. I’m hoping Horton can strengthen some of these areas (as well as others).

I won’t stop going to Grudem, because Grudem is the most accessible ST I’ve ever seen, but I do like to supplement him where I can.

Lots to read…

10
Anonymous's picture

Anon: Dutch Reformed simply refers to the continental Reformed tradition — that is to say, those church subscribing to the Three Forms of Unity (Canons of Dordt, Heidelberg Catechism, and Belgic Confession) as opposed to the British Presbyterian tradition that subscribes to the Westminster Standards.

There is no disagreement in doctrine between the two. Westminster profs subscribe to *both* sets of standards. The Westminster Standards, being developed later in history and under different circumstances are more detailed than the TFU but one could very rightly refer to the whole lot as the Six Forms of Unity.

Lutherans scoff at the notion of Horton being Lutheran on anything (except maybe justification, but, then, I think everyone can agree that we’re saved by grace alone through faith alone in Christ alone).

11
Anonymous's picture

@Paul #8,

If Horton follows the standard fare from WSC, he’s going to be a proponent of the “framework hypothesis”.

12
Anonymous's picture

That works for me.

Fairly or unfairly, I use that issue as a test of a theologian’s judgment. If he or she falls for the stuff that comes out of the Institute for Creation Research or Ken Ham and company, then I have to question their judgment in general. If they at least admit that there is more than one possible way to interpret the opening chapters of Genesis, then I’m okay with reading about his or her views on other issues.

13
Anonymous's picture

Paul, I agree with you on the fact that how a theologian handles Genesis 1-2 will tell you quite a bit about their hermeneutic.

If he or she falls for the stuff that comes out of the Institute for Creation Research or Ken Ham and company…”

Like this kind of stuff?

http://www.kulikovskyonline.net/hermeneutics/Framework.pdf

14
Anonymous's picture

You are too humble, Tim Challies

Don’t you read approximately one book per day? Otherwise, how could you have accumulated the number of book reviews you have on Amazon.com?

So couldn’t you wolf down the new Horton in about a week, rather than weeks?

I just do not have the theological background to offer anything more than the most cursory review. Really? How many people can whip out a dozen systematic theologies from their bookshelves, if only to check and report the first sentences written therein? Presumably, you must have read at least significant portions of most these Systematics. And it’s not as if you haven’t weighed in on matters of theological controversy on your blog—quite a bit, in fact.

I’m aware of my limitations. Really? You have no training or advanced degrees in media studies yet you’re coming out with The Next Story in April. You’re not a trained counselor or sex therapist but you wrote Sexual Detox, which by almost every assessment has been very helpful to a lot of men struggling with pornography addiction. You’re not a pastor or trained theologian and yet Kevin DeYoung tapped you to write a chapter for Don’t Call it a Comeback.

So come on, Tim: you’re “the world’s most famous Christian blogger,” and well on your way to becoming “Mr. Christian Media.” Man up. Review the book. We’re all counting on you.

15
Anonymous's picture

Michael Horton is quite hard to read at times. And other times he’s not. for me.

I have Wayne Grudem’s, and have glean from it “in the Spirit” quite a bit. He can help settle arguments at times.

[Another extraordinary winter. Another storm has come to Baltimore. When will the global warming kick in?]

16
Anonymous's picture

If you don’t believe that Genesis 1 and 2 mean what they say, what chapter to you “check in” at? Genesis 3? Psalms? Matthew? At what point do the words of Scripture become true if not at the beginning?

Of course there is more than one way to interpret Genesis 1 and 2. There are also multiple ways to interpret John 3:16, Eph 2:8-9, and the rest of scripture. That’s why we have the Catholic church, the Mormons, etc. There are always multiple ways of interpretation, but never more than one that is correct. If there are multiple “correct” interpretations of some verses, why not all of them?

If properly interpreting the Bible constitutes “falling for stuff,” then sign me up for falling classes.

Btw, I’m not trying to be snarky or sarcastic. We need to hold the line on Biblical interpretation. Either it is sufficient or it isn’t. My theology has a foundation of Scripture alone; not Scripture + science.

17
Anonymous's picture

@Jude Phakiki Roosevelt re “Man up”: LOL. p.s. The rest of your comment was good too.

@Michael: I am aware of the pros and cons of the framework hypothesis, and I disagree with the conclusion reached by the author of “A Critique of the Literary Framework View of the Days of Creation,” which you referenced. My point is that theologians need to be open to the possibility of alternative interpretations of the early chapters of Genesis.

18
Anonymous's picture

@Anonymous #16: I don’t agree with the “slippery slope” argument. ” That is a red herring. I do agree with what Augustine said around 400 AD: “Usually, even a non-Christian knows something about the earth, the heavens, and the other elements of this world, about the motion and orbit of the stars and even their size and relative positions, about the predictable eclipses of the sun and moon, the cycles of the years and the seasons, about the kinds of animals, shrubs, stones, and so forth, and this knowledge he holds to as being certain from reason and experience. Now, it is a disgraceful and dangerous thing for an infidel to hear a Christian, presumably giving the meaning of Holy Scripture, talking nonsense on these topics; and we should take all means to prevent such an embarrassing situation, in which people show up vast ignorance in a Christian and laugh it to scorn. The shame is not so much that an ignorant individual is derided, but that people outside the household of faith think our sacred writers held such opinions, and, to the great loss of those for whose salvation we toil, the writers of our Scripture are criticized and rejected as unlearned men. If they find a Christian mistaken in a field which they themselves know well and hear him maintaining his foolish opinions about our books, how are they going to believe those books in matters concerning the resurrection of the dead, the hope of eternal life, and the kingdom of heaven, when they think their pages are full of falsehoods and on facts which they themselves have learnt from experience and the light of reason? Reckless and incompetent expounders of Holy Scripture bring untold trouble and sorrow on their wiser brethren when they are caught in one of their mischievous false opinions and are taken to task by those who are not bound by the authority of our sacred books. For then, to defend their utterly foolish and obviously untrue statements, they will try to call upon Holy Scripture for proof and even recite from memory many passages which they think support their position, although ‘they understand neither what they say nor the things about which they make assertion’. (1 Timothy 1.7)” [Augustine, The Literal Interpretation of Genesis (De Genesi ad Litteram), Book 1, Chapter 19; from Ancient Christian Writers: The Works of the Fathers in Translation, No. 41, (Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press), 1982 (A.D. 408)]

19
Anonymous's picture

Paul, now that the meta has been hijacked by this topic :) , I’ll ad that I too agree with Augustine when he says,

They are deceived, too, by those highly mendacious documents which profess to give the history of many thousand years, though, reckoning by the sacred writings, we find that not 6000 years have yet passed.

Philip Schaff, The Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers Vol. II, 232.

20
Anonymous's picture

@Michael #19: Nice comeback! My problem is that promoting Young Earth Creationism (YEC) as the only viable option for a Christian is very detrimental to Christian evangelism. No one has been saved by belief in YEC, but many have been turned off on Christianity when faced with the false dichotomy of either old earth or God but not both.

21
Anonymous's picture

Anonymous, You should have addressed your response to TGraham. I didn’t need the lesson.

22
Anonymous's picture

Thanks, Tim. Agreed… Calvin is still the defending champion.

Thanks also for helping pin-point my long-standing hesitance with Erickson. I mean, who begins a systematic theology with “Humans…”?

23
Anonymous's picture

I second what you said about Calvin! That intro alone makes me want to read his over all the others.

As someone who is working on becoming a full-time writer, I can’t help but stop and thinking about my response to the different opening lines. Some made my eyes glaze over. Others made me feel stupid for not understanding their big words. One of them made me think the author was rather dull (who am I kidding, more than one did this). But Calvin’s gave me a hunger for more.

All this to say I am reminded that writing is more than just getting information across. It is getting information across in such a way that it connects with the reader.

Those are just some thoughts that bubbled to the surface as I read your blog. Thanks again for such a thought provoking post, Tim!

24
Anonymous's picture

Anon (#21): My point was merely that the Dutch Reformed tradition is about 300 years older than Kuyper (and Kuyper was no neo-Calvinist). Dr. Horton is an ordained minister of the URCNA and is, thus, Dutch Reformed (though he is not a Kuyperian himself — Dr. Godfrey is, who is also a URCNA minister, but not Dr. Horton, and neither are neo-Kuyperians). There are a good number of Dutch Reformed believers out there who would not at all appreciate hearing their tradition being equated with neo-Calvinism. Many neo-Calvinists are Dutch Reformed; not all Dutch Reformed are neo-Calvinists.

25
Anonymous's picture

Interesting. I question the judgment of any theologian or ministry that does not, as you say, “fall for the stuff that comes out of the Institute for Creation Research or Ken Ham and company”. I thank God for these people and their ministries which stand on the Word of God. My family is looking forward to a vacation to AIG’s Creation Museum.

I truly appreciate your blog, Mr. Challies. Thank you, and know that you are prayed for.

26
Anonymous's picture

This is a reply to Paul Bruggink’s first comment.

27
Anonymous's picture

I didn’t realize Horton was writing a book like this! I am a major WHI fan. Here’s a question for y’all: If I consider myself thoroughly reformed, but have yet to add a systematic theology to my library, should I start with the tried and true Berkhof, or might Horton become the new standard for a younger generation?

28
Anonymous's picture

Miguel,

Berkhof is relatively inexpensive on sale, so don’t purchase it full price. It is more of a theological dictionary than a Systematic Theology (regardless of the title). Also, it is a cramped font and the binding does not allow for easy reading, mostly because the book keeps wanting to shut.

For a concise reference guide, Berkhof is great. For enjoyable reading,… not so much. One pastor described it as “the big blue sleeping pill.” But then again, most dictionaries aren’t interesting reading either.

Raymond is well written and follows the Westminster Confession and is a worthy addition to a library. Grudem is also very accessable and quite practical, as every chapter ends with a passage to memorize, things to pray about, and a hymn to sing.

Other than that, if you are Reformed, go to the source and grab a good translation of Calvin.